The empowerment concept The concept of empowerment originated in social psychology (Rappaport, 1981, p. 15): …“By empowerment I mean that our aim should be to enhance the possibilities for people to control their own lives.”… The empowerment theory includes processes and outcomes (Perkins and Zimmerman, 1995). This theory can be applied to community development by empowering the people within the community to develop their own community. Empowerment theory, research, and intervention link individual well-being with the … YES is a program that includes empowering processes for youth. Individual empowerment may also be known and described as psychological empowerment. Another definition suggests that empowerment is a combination of personal strengths, initiative, and natural helping systems to bring about change (Perkins & Zimmerman, 1995). In order to develop empowerment into a theory I first had to sort the accepted meanings, to discuss them, to analyze ... (Zimmerman & Rappaport, 1988). Empowerment theory. Relevant processes include those activities, structures, and actions that are empowering to someone or some group by enabling them to develop skills and obtain resources to solve problems affecting them. Empowerment is a process of internal and external change. In J. Rappaport, & E. Seidman (Eds. tice, one based upon advocacy/empowerment theory and prac-tice principles (Rose and Black, 1985). Sarah A. Stoddard, Kathryn Hughesdon, Angubeen Khan, Marc A. Zimmerman, Feasibility and acceptability of a future‐oriented empowerment program to prevent substance use and school dropout among school‐disengaged youth, Public Health Nursing, 10.1111/phn.12706, 37, 2, (251-261), (2020). Essential to this construct is the notion of "social being": the assumption that every person lives his/her life as social historical experience. We live within a social … Empowerment can be defined as “a construct that links individual strengths and competencies, natural helping systems, and proactive behaviours to social policy and social change” (Rappaport, 1981, as cited in Zimmerman, 1995, p. 569). For Empowerment evaluation is largely based on Zimmerman‟s theory of empowerment (Fetterman, 1996). Empowerment theory (Perkins & Zimmerman, 1995; Sadan, 1997; Zimmerman 1995, 2000) encompasses both processes and outcomes. The internal process is … We identify some of the topics not included in this issue and relate those to the many broad and diverse areas of psychological empowerment theory and community-based research and intervention that are covered. This introduction to the special issue briefly reviews the meaning and significance of the empowerment concept and problems associated with the proliferation of interest in empowerment. Psychological, organizational and community levels of analysis. Empowerment Theory provides a […] It helps youth develop the skills they need to assess their community, and it gives them decision-making power in developing and implementing community change projects. Zimmerman describes three aspects of individual, or psychological, empowerment: intrapersonal, interactional, and behavioral. Empowerment is a construct that links individual strengths and competencies, natural helping systems, and proactive behaviors to social policy and social change (Rappaport, 1981, 1984). Zimmerman, M. (2000). The process of empowerment, involves the development of consciousness — consciousness raising/conscientization, and psychological empowerment (Carr, 2003, p. 15; Zimmerman 1995) — facilitating a reduction in self-blame, an assumption of personal responsibility for change, and enhancement of self-efficacy (Gutierrez et al, 1995, p. 535). The aim of this article is to investigate paradoxical empowerment from a sociological point of view. 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